The Influence of Gender on Peer Assisted Learning in Athletic Training Students.

Authors

  • Ashley Harris PhD, ATC, CSCS Aurora University
  • Jennifer Volberding PhD, ATC Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences
  • Leah Kroeger ATC South Dakota State University
  • Rachel Hildebrand PhD, ATC University of Tulsa

Keywords:

Pedagogy, skill development

Abstract

Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) is a process in which students work with one another to augment classroom/laboratory instruction for skill acquisition. This study seeks to the influence of gender on PAL and implications this relationship has on student success. 37 first year undergraduate athletic training students were placed in either same gender or opposite gender tutor pairings and were instructed to spend as much time as necessary to fully review the skill set in a manner resembling the informal nature of most PAL interactions. Participants were asked to complete two separate Likert scale surveys that were validated by previous research on PAL as well as indicate how much time was spent with their peer tutor. Multivariate ANOVAs lacked significance at the .05 level (p<.05) on Likert scale survey questions on time spent, however time spent does reveal trends approaching significance with gender difference. Planned comparison testing indicates opposite gender interactions have more time spent than same gender interactions (p<.001, t= 14.27) with females tending to spend less time with tutors of the same gender than males (p<.001, t= 8.16). Results showed some indication that opposite gender PAL interactions lead to more time spent on task.

References

Fuchs D. Fuchs LS, Mathes PG, Simmons DC. (1997) Peer-assisted learning strategies: Making classrooms more responsive to diversity. Am Educ Reas J. 34(1): 174-206.

Rohrbeck CA, Ginsburg-Block MD, Fantuzzo JW, Miller TR. (2003) Peer-assisted learning interventions with elementary school students: A meta-analytic review. J Educ Psych. 95(2): 240.

Terenzini PT, Pascarella ET, Blimling GS. (1996) Students' out-of-class experiences and their influence on learning and cognitive development: A literature review. J Coll Stud Dev. 37(2): 149-162

Topping KJ, Ehly SW. (2001) Peer assisted learning: A framework for consultation. J Educ Psychol Consult. 12(2): 113-132.

Carr WD, Volberding JL, Vardiman P. (2011) A peer-assisted learning program and its effect on student skill demonstration. Athl Train Educ J. 6(3): 129-135.

Peer KS, McClendon RC. (2002) Sociocultural learning theory in practice: implications for athletic training educators. J Athl Train. 37(4): 136-140.

Ward P, Lee M. (2005) Peer assisted learning in physical education: A review of theory and research. J Teach Phys Educ. 24: 205-225

Vygotsky L. (1978) Mind in Society. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Sanders D, Welk DS. (2005) Strategies to scaffold student learning: Applying Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. Nurse Educ. 30(5): 203-207.

Buckley S, Zamora J. 92007) Effects of participation in a cross year peer tutoring programme in clinical examination skills on peer tutors’ skills and attitudes toward teachers and teaching. BMC Med Educ. 7: 20-29

Bentley BS, Hill RV. (2009) Objective and subjective assessment of reciprocal peer teaching in medical gross anatomy laboratory. Anat Sci Educ. 2(4): 143-149.

DeClute J, Ladyshewsky R. (1993) Enhancing clinical competence using a collaborative clinical education model. Phys Ther. 73(10): 683-689.

Dennison S. (2010) Peer mentoring: untapped potential. J Nurse Educ. 49(6): 340-342.

Escovitz ES. (1990) Using senior students as clinical skills teaching assistants. Acad Med. 65(12): 733-744.

Field M, Burke JM, McAllister D, Lloyd DM. (2007) Peer-assisted learning: a novel approach to clinical skills learning in medical students. Med Eval. 41(4): 411-418.

Glynn LG, MacFarlane A, Kelly M, Cantillon P, Murphy, AW. (2006) Helping each other to learn–a process evaluation of peer assisted learning. BMC Med Educ. 6(1): 1-9

Henning JM, Weidner TG, Snyder M, Dudley WN. (2012) Perceived frequency of peer-assisted learning in the laboratory and collegiate clinical settings. J Athl Train. 47(2): 212-220.

Henning JM, Weidner TG, Marty MC. (2008). Peer assisted learning in clinical education: Literature review. Athl Train Educ J. 3(3): 84-90.

Henning JM, Weidner TG, Jones J. (2006) Peer assisted learning in the athletic training clinical setting. J Athl Train. 41(1): 102-108.

Ladyshewsky RK. (2000) Peer-assisted learning in clinical education: a review of terms and learning principles. J Phys Ther Educ. 14(2): 15-22.

Mackey T, Kamphoff C, Armstrong J. (2010) Perceptions of participants involved in peer assisted learning in a professional athletic training education program. Athl Train Educ J. 5(1): 12-20.

Marty MC, Henning JM, Willse JT. (2010) Accuracy and reliability of peer assessment of athletic training psychomotor laboratory skills. J Athl Train. 45(6), 609-614.

Hudson NJ, Tonkin AL. (2008) Clinical skills education: outcomes of relationships between junior medical students, senior peers and simulated patients. J Med Educ. 42(9): 901-908.

Secomb J. (2007) A systematic review of peer teaching and learning in clinical education. J Clin Nurs. 17: 703-716.

Weidner TG, Popp JK. (2002) Peer- assisted learning and orthopaedic evaluation psychomotor skills. J Athl Train. 34(7): 136-140.

Weyrich P, Celebi N, Schrauth M, Möltner A, Lammerdingâ€Köppel M, Nikendei C. (2009) Peerâ€assisted versus faculty staffâ€led skills laboratory training: A randomized controlled trial. J Med Educ. 43(2): 113-120.

Youdas JW, Hoffarth BL, Kohlwey SR, Kramer CM, Petro JL. (2008) Peer teaching among physical therapy students during human gross anatomy: Perceptions of peer teachers and students. Anat Sci Educ. 1(5): 199-206.

Severiens JE, King E. (1998) Gender and Learning: Comparing two theories. Higher Educ. 35(3): 329-350.

Vermunt JD. (2005) Relations between student learning patterns and personal and contextual factors and academic performance. Higher Educ. 49(3): 205-234.

Severiens SE, ten Dam GTM. (1994) Gender differences in learning styles: A narrative review and quantitative meta-analysis. High Educ. 27(4): 487-501.

Severeins SE, ten Dam GTM. (1997) Gender and gender identity differences in learning styles. Educ Psych. 17(1): 79-93.

Anderson, LW. (1984) Time and School Learning: Theory, Research and Practice. Croon Helm, Kent, UK.

Bloom, BS. (1974) Time and learning. Am Psychol. 29(9): 682-688.

Ericsson KA, Krampe RT, Tesch-Römer C. (1993) The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychol Rev. 100(3): 363-406.

Hawley WD, Rosenholtz S, Goodstein HJ, Hasselbring T. (1984) Good schools: What research says about improving student achievement. Peabody J Educ. 61(4), iii-178.

Hossler CA. (1988). The relationship of increased instructional time to student achievement. policy bulletin no. 1. Policy Bulletin: Consortium on Educational Policy Studies. Pg. 1-5 Bloomington, IN

Karweit N. (1984) Time-on-task reconsidered: Synthesis of research on time and learning. Educ Lead. 41(8): 32-35.

Lammers WJ, Onweugbuzie AJ, Slate JR. (2001) Academic success as a function of gender, class, age, study habits, and employment of college students. Res Sch. 8(2): 71-81

Strother DB. (1984) Another Look at Time-on-Task. Phi Delta Kappan. 65(10): 714-17.

Smeby JC. (2000) Same-gender relationships in graduate supervision. High Educ. 40(1): 53-67.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2018-09-07

Issue

Section

Athletic Training